SpringBoot启动时设置初始化数据
在开发中如何配置业务属性到SpringBoot的容器中。
实现ApplicationRunner接口
@Component
public class TestInitClass implements ApplicationRunner {
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("---------ApplicationRunner 启动之前加载------------");
}
}
实现CommandLineRunner接口
@Component
public class TestInitClass implements CommandLineRunner {
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("---------CommandLineRunner 启动之前加载------------");
}
}
优先级
默认情况下,ApplicationRunner
比CommandLineRunner
先执行。
源码分析
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication#run(java.lang.String...)
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
listeners.started(context);
// 这个方法
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
进入callRunners
方法
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
// 先添加了 ApplicationRunner 接口再添加 CommandLineRunner 接口
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
// 循环调用时也是先判断 ApplicationRunner
for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
}
if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
}
}
}
而对于Runner
的顺序,关注下AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
这个方法,可以发现只是走list的sort方法排序。
public static void sort(List<?> list) {
if (list.size() > 1) {
list.sort(INSTANCE);
}
}
要想修改执行顺序的话,可以使用order
注解,值越小,优先级越高。
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD})
@Documented
public @interface Order {
/**
* The order value.
* <p>Default is {@link Ordered#LOWEST_PRECEDENCE}.
* @see Ordered#getOrder()
*/
int value() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
使用该注解指定数值后,结果如下:
总结
- 所有
CommandLineRunner/ApplicationRunner
的执行时点是在SpringBoot应用的ApplicationContext
完全初始化开始工作之后,从callRunners()
可以看出是run方法内部最后一个调用的方法。 - 只要存在于当前SpringBoot应用的
ApplicationContext
中的任何CommandLineRunner/ApplicationRunner
,都会被加载执行(不管你是手动注册还是自动扫描去Ioc容器)。 - 使用
@Order
注解可以修改加载顺序。 - 一般只需要使用一个接口来加载初始化数据即可。